Abstract

Riparian zones, vegetated ecosystems that border waterways, are critical for stabilizing streambanks, filtering pollutants, and supporting biodiversity. These functions are threatened worldwide by increasing numbers of invasive species, streambank incision and erosion, and increased sedimentation from runoff, all of which are exacerbated by extreme weather events. In September of 2024, Hurricane Helene caused historic flooding, erosion, and vegetation loss in Western North Carolina’s aquatic buffer systems. Small-scale intervention focused on increasing bank stability and vegetative re-establishment in degraded areas may accelerate recovery and strengthen resilience against future flooding events. This study uses a space-for-time substitution to evaluate the early success of four repaired streambank sites compared to adjacent degraded control sites with similar respective ecological and geomorphic characteristics. Repair methods included debris removal, mild regrading with hand tools, placement of biodegradable erosion-control matting, and planting of native live stakes and riparian seeds in early spring of 2025. Data collection took place in July and September in the French Broad River watershed along Reed Creek, Willow Creek, and two small tributaries. Data collected includes percent ground cover, vegetative species composition, and Riparian Health Assessment scores. Findings indicate that repaired sites tend to have greater riparian health scores and a higher percentage of ground cover. Non-repaired control sites tended to have lower vegetative species richness and more abundant non-native invasives. These results suggest that even small-scale restoration efforts can improve ecosystem function within the first growing season. By supporting the recovery of vegetation and reducing vulnerability to erosion, sedimentation, and flashiness, such repairs can enhance ecological resilience and inform community conservation practices in the face of increased climate-related disasters.

Keywords

Restoration, Riparian Zone, Streambank Repair, Riparian Health, Riparian Vegetation, Ecosystem Repair, Ecosystem Functioning

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